Seborrhea of ​​the scalp, oily and dry seborrhea, causes, symptoms, treatment

Seborrhea is considered a dermatological disease that occurs against the background of disruption of the sebaceous glands of the skin. The very term "seborrhea" in Latin means "excessive sebum secretion". Skin fat is a complex of fatty acids, fats and proteins that are secreted by the sebaceous glands.



It should start with the fact that dandruff is an absolutely natural phenomenon, because it is nothing but regular (every four weeks), the horny scales that come off the surface layer of the scalp. No worries, it should not cause, if there is a small amount. However, the presence of thick and abundant dandruff is the main sign of skin disease. In this case, you need to seek the advice of a trichologist or dermatologist who, after a thorough and comprehensive medical examination, will prescribe the best treatment.

Types of seborrhea.
There are three types of seborrhea:

• Dry seborrhea, which develops against a background of reduced production of sebaceous glands sebum. The main signs of this type of disease are the presence of a large number of small dandruff, dry cracked skin, brittle and dry hair .
• Oily seborrhea occurs as a result of increased functioning of the sebaceous glands, which results in the production of an excessive amount of thick sebum. The main signs are: oily skin and shiny hair, as well as the presence of a large amount of large-scale dandruff.
• A mixed type of seborrhea manifests itself as symptoms of dry seborrhea on the face and symptoms of oily - on the scalp.

In general, sebum is responsible for a healthy skin condition: due to its antimicrobial properties, it protects it from penetration of various kinds of infections, softens, prevents the development of peeling and cracking, and also protects against drying, as it forms a thin and even film on its surface.

It should be said that a large number of sebaceous glands are unevenly located in the thickness of our skin. The opening holes of the sebaceous glands are mostly adjacent to the hair, and the sebum secreted by the sebaceous glands serves mainly to soften and moisturize the hair. However, not all sebaceous glands are active. This affects several factors: sex, age, hormonal background, climate.

For example, in childhood, most of the sebaceous glands are in the so-called "hibernation", and only during puberty they are activated. The increase in the level of hormones in the blood in adolescents brings these very glands to work. At the adult and thus absolutely healthy person the quantity of active sebaceous glands remains at a stable level of a sufficient debt, and only with age their quantity starts to decrease.

It is worth saying that there are so-called "seborrheic zones", where the density of the sebaceous glands is much higher and it is them that are most often affected by seborrhea. This is the scalp, forehead, ears, chest, shoulders, interscapular area, the central part of the face.

Causes of seborrhea development.
Today, until the end, the causes of seborrhea have not been studied. The physiological form of this disease is observed during puberty in the form of the body's reaction to a sharp increase in the level of hormones in the blood. But the skin with this type of disease as it grows quickly recovered, and the disease goes away as soon as the level of hormones in the blood stabilizes.

In other cases, not associated with the period of puberty, the development of seborrhea can contribute to:

• Hereditary factors, when this disease can be laid down at the level of genes. It is not accidental that seborrhea is called a family disease, because most often in the family there are relatives with such a diagnosis.
• Hormonal causes. Androgens or male sex hormones stimulate the work of the sebaceous glands, so most often this disease affects the stronger sex. The unexpected appearance of seborrhea in men can speak of an ovarian tumor. In the representatives of the beautiful half of humanity with this disease, most often there is an elevated level of male sex hormones in the blood with a simultaneously lowered level of estrogen. This kind of hormonal changes in the female body can be associated with ovarian disease (for example, polycystic ovary), or overweight.
• The development of this disease can also contribute to diseases such as: epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, adrenal and genital tumors, CNS infections, schizophrenia, and the intake of hormonal drugs (contraceptives) or anabolic steroids in order to build muscle mass.

The development of dry seborrhea can be observed with a lack of sex hormones or a decrease in the sensitivity of sebaceous glands to them. This is mainly seen in children.

Symptoms of seborrhea.

Fat seborrhea.
With oily seborrhea, the skin is very oily, even shiny, with enlarged pores. This kind of seborrhea can be with a thick secret, when sebum has a doughy consistency and with a liquid secret, characterized by pasty consistency. In most cases, areas of high fat skin are located in the seborrheic zones.

Another common symptom of this type of dermatological disease is abundant dandruff. In dandruff suffering from seborrhea occurs due to the adhesion of small exfoliated scales of the epithelium of the scalp. This clumping and the formation of large dandruff contributes to the overly secretive secret of the sebaceous glands of the scalp. In addition, in patients with this type of seborrhea, the hair becomes heavily fatty in a short period of time.

Complications of the fatty type of this disease are seborrhoeic eczema and seborrheic dermatitis (inflammation on the skin on the background of the influence of bacteria in the decomposition of sebum). Against the background of clogging the excretory ducts of the sebaceous glands with sebum and skin particles, acne develops. In addition, infection of the sebaceous gland with bacteria (eg, staphylococci) is observed, resulting in a purulent inflammatory process in the deep layers of the skin.

Dry seborrhea.
As a rule, this variety of seborrhea occurs in childhood, but sometimes it can develop in adulthood. Against the background of a decrease in the sebum secretion, the skin is dried in patients, as a result of which the surface layer of the skin crackles and flakes. Hair in patients with dry seborrhea is dry, brittle with split ends .

Seboroids are another symptom of this variety of seborrhea. These are reddish-pink spots that appear on the affected areas. Patients often note a feeling of tightness of the skin, small dandruff, and itching while washing hair with cold water.

The main danger of this type of disease is the high risk of infection with microbes.

Symptoms of mixed seborrhea.
In this case, the patient has signs of both dry and oily seborrhea. On the skin of the face, mostly symptoms of oily seborrhea, and in the scalp - signs of dry seborrhea.

Treatment of seborrhea.
Seborrhea can occur as an independent disease, and can be triggered by the presence of other diseases. In this case, treatment of seborrhea should be carried out in conjunction with the treatment of concomitant diseases.

If you have seborrheic symptoms, you need to go to a dermatologist, an andrologist (men) and a gynecologist (women), a neurologist, an endocrinologist.

Treatment of this disease should be carried out in an integrated manner. It is very important to take care of your skin and hair at home. In this case, the best option is medical medications. And to treat this disease is important under the supervision of a specialist. These funds are divided into several groups:

• antifungal shampoos with ketoconazole;
• antibacterial with zinc pyrithine or octoprorox;
• exfoliating with the addition of salicylic acid or sulfur;
• shampoos with plant extracts (tar) and the like.

Methods of treating seborrhea.

• The purpose of drugs, whose action is aimed at restoring the function of the autonomic nervous system.
• The course of treatment of all associated diseases of the body.
• In severe forms of the disease, hormonal therapy is prescribed.
• A diet enriched with sour-milk products, fruits, vegetables, oatmeal, with the exception or maximum restriction of consumption of animal fats, salted and spicy dishes, fatty, sweet food, canned food, spices, and alcohol and nicotine.
• Assignment of vitamins of group B, A, D, E, preparations of zinc and sulfur.
• The appointment of physiotherapy procedures: massage, cryotherapy , mesotherapy , ozonotherapy , phytotherapy, etc.
• Small physical activity: walking on air, hardening, physical exercises, swimming in open water, etc.

When hair falls out against the background of seborrhea, it is recommended to walk more often with uncovered head (except for colds) and visit the sun (but not at the height of the heat) in the absence of contraindications (hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, etc.).

To treat dry seborrhea of ​​the scalp often prescribed ointments with sulfur, salicylic acid, sometimes hormones. With oily seborrhea, resorcinol, chloral hydrate and other preparations in the form of alcohol solutions are added to these preparations.

Use of sulfuric ointment (10%) for the treatment of dry seborrhea.
Evenly for three to five minutes, rub the daily ointment overnight for eight days, on the ninth day take a break. On the tenth day, you should wash your head with slightly warm boiled water with a therapeutic shampoo based on selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione, tar, ketoconazole. Next, the next day at night (wrapping a towel) rub into the affected scalp boric acid solution (2 teaspoons per 150 ml of hot water). So do for three days, then again break for a week and on the tenth day, wash your hair. Such a treatment course can be done two or three times.

Preparations for the treatment of oily seborrhea.
For a month, massage a sixty percent salicylic acid solution, an alcoholic solution of naphthalan oil or a sul- sene paste, with massaging movements in the scalp.

From folk remedies for treating seborrhea, recipes based on medicinal plants are a success. However, such treatment does not guarantee the absence of relapse of the disease in the future. Therefore, it is important to conduct anti-relapse treatment once a month when treating seborrhea. After a month of treatment with medicinal plants, it is recommended to change the plant to another one, which will prevent addiction and decrease in efficiency.

It should be noted that it is rather difficult to prevent or cure seborrhea. Treatment mainly requires strict adherence to certain hygiene requirements, diet, physical activity. The use of soothing substances based on motherwort and Valerian, as well as brewer's yeast is a common medicine against seborrhea, because they contain a huge amount of vitamins B, minerals and amino acids. Beer yeast should be taken on a teaspoon during a meal.

Prevention of seborrhea.
Properly care for and carefully monitor the condition of the problem scalp, apply cosmetics designed for dry or oily skin (depending on the type of seborrhea). In addition, there are multivitamins and mineral complexes (alphabet, duovite, centrum, vitrum, etc.).

Folk remedies for treating seborrhea.
At all times a special place in the treatment of seborrhea was occupied by phytotherapy, unless, of course, the patients had allergies to any herbs. Consider the most popular and effective traditional medicine for the treatment of this disease.

Recipes from dry seborrhea.
Two hundred grams of sea-buckthorn should be thoroughly washed and squeezed juice. We need a piece left after the squeeze, it is called a mash. Then pour this mash with olive oil in a ratio of 1: 3 (for one part of the pulp three parts of the oil). The mixture is put on a water bath and heated for half an hour. After this, let the mass stand for twelve to sixteen hours. The resulting composition twice a week to treat the root zone of the hair with rubbing movements. The procedure is recommended to be carried out twice a week. Therapeutic course is a month.

Take 100 grams of rhizomes of the fennel six years old, grind them and pour a liter of boiling water. A good wrap and insist for five hours. Ready to use infusion as a conditioner after each washing of hair (three times a week). The effect of the procedure is achieved no earlier than after conducting fifteen procedures.

Combine a tablespoon of vodka, cedar oil and strong tea. This composition is rubbed into the roots and left for two or three hours, after which the head is washed. This procedure should be carried out twice a week, until there is a noticeable positive dynamics.

Perfectly removes dandruff such a composition: mix ten parts of vodka with one part of the cinchona crust (sold at the pharmacy). To the composition add a teaspoon of castor oil and a couple drops of rose oil. Mix the mixture massaging and soft movements into the head and roots of the hair daily until the dandruff is completely eliminated.

In the treatment of dry seborrhea, oil extracts from medicinal plants are effective (marshmallow, flax seed, burdock, sea buckthorn, parsley, three-color violet).

For the treatment of dry seborrhea, it is also effective to rub burdock oil into the scalp. On top of putting on a hat and leave for two hours, after which wash the hair with shampoo. This procedure is carried out twice a week for a month. Six months later, this treatment course should be repeated.

Roots of parsley to garden chop and pour any vegetable or castor oil in a ratio of 1: 5. The mixture is heated in a water bath for half an hour, filtered and used for rubbing in a warm form. The procedure is carried out every other day. To achieve a therapeutic effect, fifteen procedures are required. Repeat the treatment course is necessary every three weeks until the problem is completely solved.

Grass violet tricolor pour vegetable oil in a ratio of 1: 5, insist for two hours, then preheat in a water bath for half an hour and strain. Rub into the scalp and hair roots. The course of treatment is also fifteen procedures (every other day). The course of treatment can be repeated in three weeks.

Seeds of althea medicinal mixed with vegetable oil in a proportion of 1:20 and put in a water bath for an hour. Mix the mixture before every wash of the head (per hour).

Toss the egg yolk with a tablespoon of castor oil. Blend the mixture evenly over the hair, top with a towel and leave for forty minutes, after which wash your hair as usual.

Recipes from oily seborrhea.
100 g of tansy flowers pour three liters of water in an enamel or glassware and put in a water bath for fifteen minutes. The resulting mixture is infused overnight, used to wash the scalp. In a warm state.

For the treatment of oily seborrhea, it is effective to use a decoction of oak bark in hair washing. Every three days for two months, wash your head with this decoction. To make it, you need to pour three tablespoons of oak bark with a liter of cold water, boil for fifteen minutes, and then insist for half an hour, properly wrapped. Make a decoction, based on the length and thickness of the hair. Two months later, this broth should be used as a rinse of dry hair (already washed and dried).

Mix 50 g of alcohol with 30 g of castor oil and 15 g of birch tar. The resulting mass is rubbed into the head a couple of hours before washing your head.

Two tablespoons of pre-chopped burdock roots (washed and dried), pour 200 ml of boiling water and cook over low heat for ten to fifteen minutes. Decoction in a warm form rub in a day into the roots of the hair every other day for fourteen days. In addition, the same broth is used as a hair conditioner after washing.

Simultaneously with external treatment it is recommended to take a mixture of broth of burdock root, infusion of nettle and tincture of wormwood, taken two tablespoons. This mixture should be taken three times a day. Ready tincture wormwood can be bought at the pharmacy.

Nettle tincture is easy to prepare: two tablespoons of herbs pour 200 ml of boiling water, insist for forty minutes and strain.

Rinse the egg yolk with a teaspoon of alcohol and the same amount of water. After washing hair, rub the resulting mixture into the scalp and leave for fifteen minutes, then wash it off. The procedure should be carried out every ten days.

To reduce the secretion of sebum, you can use this recipe: egg white whipped in a foam and combined with chamomile infusion, for preparation which follows two tablespoons of chamomile flowers pour 50 ml of boiling water and insist for four hours, after which the infusion strain. The resulting mixture is rubbed into the scalp. Once this mask has dried, the hair should be rinsed and washed with sulfur soap. The procedure should be carried out every ten days.

Take a piece of yeast (with a small nutlet) diluted in a teaspoon of warm water until a homogeneous porridge of a similar mass is added, whipped egg white. The resulting composition should be rubbed into the scalp. As soon as the formulation dries, rinse your hair and wash it with gray soap.

Spoon a tablespoon of chopped young birch leaves 200 ml of boiling water and insist for twenty minutes. The received infusion to wash your hair three times a week. The treatment course includes at least fifteen such procedures.

Prepare an infusion of St. John's wort (1: 5), strain it and wash your head 2-3 times a week. The course of treatment - 12-15 procedures. After 2-3 weeks, treatment can be repeated.

It is very good in the treatment of oily seborrhea to rub in the scalp infusion of nettle and marigold. To prepare the infusion, take 400 g of young nettles and 100 g of marigold, pour half a liter of boiling water, boil on the fire for ten minutes, then let the broth cool and drain.

Combine a teaspoon of castor oil and aloe juice, add a tablespoon of honey. The received structure to rub in hair, from above to cover with polyethylene and a towel. This mask to keep twenty minutes, after which wash your head with a special therapeutic shampoo. Mask to do every ten days for a month.

Combine a teaspoon of bodjagi with a solution of boric acid (half a teaspoon of acid dilute in half a glass of water) to get a creamy mass, which is heated and warmly rubbed into the scalp until light or intense burning occurs. Half an hour later, wash your head well. The procedure should be carried out with rubber gloves! This mask effectively reduces fat loss, eliminates dandruff and itching. The procedure should be carried out once every five days. The treatment course is five to six procedures.