Ligation of fallopian tubes, methods, procedure, consequences

Today, tubal ligation is considered to be the most effective method of birth control, since after the implementation of such a procedure, pregnancy, as a rule, becomes impossible. Its use is recommended for women who voluntarily refuse to plan children in the future, as well as in cases where pregnancy is unbearably difficult for the body and can threaten the life and health of the future mother.



The procedure for ligation of the fallopian tubes, in fact, is an operation and is expressed in blocking, bandaging, clamping with special devices or cutting the fallopian tubes in order to form artificial obstruction. Female sterilization or surgical contraception on a voluntary basis is a highly effective method of contraception. Today, for this purpose, special tubular implants are also designed, having the form of metal springs, which are installed directly into the fallopian tubes, performed not by surgical methods, that is without dissection. As time progresses around each installed implant, scar tissue forms, which is a sort of pipe blocker.

As it is known, after maturing the egg leaves the ovary and immediately moves to the uterine tubes, where it fertilizes, and from there it penetrates into the uterine cavity. Since the passage is blocked, respectively, fertilization does not occur and pregnancy does not occur. On this mechanism, the high contraceptive effect of this surgical method is based.

It is important to know that the ligation of the fallopian tubes is your voluntary refusal to conceive children, after such a procedure, pregnancy will never come. Of course, if necessary, the functioning of the pipes can be restored, but the percentage that the woman will again be able to conceive is very low, since difficulties arise in the reunification of the dissected ends of the pipes. The procedure is performed exclusively by a highly professional and experienced gynecologist.

Methods of ligation of the fallopian tubes.
Blocking of fallopian tubes can be carried out in several ways, among which the imposition of staples or banding, moxibustion (electrocoagulation), cutting and stitching, etc. should be noted. All of them are carried out by means of various methods.

The abdominal method is represented by laparoscopy (mini-laparotomy) and laparotomy. Laparotomy (open ligation of the fallopian tubes) is performed with the use of anesthesia. During the operation, the doctor dissects the surface in the abdominal region and performs a ligation of the fallopian tubes. This method is recommended mainly in the presence of pelvic inflammatory disease in the woman (they contribute to the formation of scar tissue, which is a contraindication for performing this operation in another way), endometriosis , while performing abdominal surgery for another reason (for example, caesarean section ).

The operation of laparoscopy (mini-laparotomy) is performed under general anesthesia and is expressed through a small upper incision (up to 5 cm) on the abdomen of the viewing device (camera) and surgical instrument. Then another (lower, in the pubic region) incision is made, which is intended for clamping. Initially, the dressings are injected into the abdomen for greater convenience, and then directly ligated with metal clips or clips, and then the ends of the tubes are sealed by applying an eclectic current (moxibustion or electrocoagulation). After the operation, the woman is in the hospital for a week. After surgery, a large scar is formed.

Very often, women use this method of surgical contraception immediately after childbirth, after 24-36 hours. This question is thought out in advance by the woman and her partner (husband) and negotiates with the doctor. An incision is made in the navel area, because after the birth the tubes are somewhat higher in the abdominal cavity, which is caused by an increase in the uterus.

Vaginal method of ligation of fallopian tubes is carried out by colpotomy. During surgery, the doctor performs an incision through the back of the vagina to penetrate the abdominal cavity. After the operation, scarring is almost non-existent, but the risk of infection increases substantially. Therefore, one of the mandatory recommendations after the intervention is a complete rejection of sexual activity for a month and a half.

Endoscopy of the uterus is one of the last ways to block the fallopian tubes. The ends of pipes during the operation are closed with microtips from plastic.

Since pipetting is a serious operation, then, like any intervention in the body, it can be accompanied by the development of adverse reactions, among the most common one may be an allergy to anesthesia, bleeding, ectopic pregnancy against the background of incomplete blockage of pipes, blood infection.

Restoration of the functions of the fallopian tubes is possible, but the probability of a positive outcome is very paltry. Therefore, tubal ligation is considered an irreversible method of contraception.

Procedure for the installation of tube implants.
The procedure is carried out with the introduction of local anesthesia in an outpatient setting. Time takes no more than half an hour. The specialist uses special tools to open the cervix of the woman, and then slowly introduces the implant very slowly in the form of a thin tube (catheter) through the cervix and directly the uterus at first to one and then another fallopian tube. After the introduction, a woman may experience something similar to spasms that occur during menstruation. After the procedure, the doctor must check the correctness of implant placement with the help of X-ray examination. During the first three months of implant use, a woman should use additional contraceptives. After this period, she comes to see a doctor. There, the specialist will introduce a dye into the uterine cavity and make a hysterosalpingography, which will show how tight the tubes are blocked by the scar tissue. If everything is in order, then additional contraceptives can no longer be used.

If there are any suspicious symptoms after ligation of the fallopian tubes or the introduction of tubal implants, it is recommended to consult a doctor to exclude an ectopic pregnancy , as one of the risks of sterilization. To such symptoms include symptoms of pregnancy (nausea, lack of menstruation, sensitivity of the mammary glands), pain in the lower abdomen from either side, dizziness.

In cases where the pain in the lower abdomen does not pass in the setting of the implant, a decision may be made to extract them. With this method of contraception, there is a risk of developing pelvic organs. To prevent this, the woman must be examined for STDs and vaginal infections before the implant procedure.

After operation.
After surgery, there may be slight bleeding from the vagina, due to the movement of the uterus at the time of surgery. After laparoscopy, pain in the back and bloating due to the gas used can be observed. You will get rid of this inconvenience after one or two days as the body gets rid of gas.

After a day you can take a shower, but touch and rub the place of size is not recommended for another week. During the week it is recommended to protect oneself from physical activities, sexual contacts. Such operations do not require the use of additional contraceptives. Two weeks after the intervention, you need to see a doctor.

Indications for ligation of the fallopian tubes.

• Women older than thirty-five, who must have at least one child.
• Absolute confidence in your unwillingness to have children in the future.
• The presence of a disease that can aggravate pregnancy.
• Presence of a severe hereditary disease that can be transmitted to children
.
• Absence of diseases that can make tubal ligation impossible.

Efficiency.
The effectiveness of the method of ligation of uterine tubes or surgical sterilization has almost one hundred percent efficiency. With this technique, there is a small probability of pregnancy, but it is so small that you should not count on it. Therefore, if you decide on such a method of contraception, do not harbor any hopes for a possible pregnancy in the future.

Pregnancy can occur in the case of fused uterine tubes or the formation of a new passage (recanalization), if the operation is performed incorrectly, with pregnancy before the intervention. But the latter is unlikely, because before this a woman undergoes a test and tests. To skip such a fact is simply impossible!

Consequences and risks of tubal ligation.
As a rule, there are no serious complications in bandaging the tubes, usually these are minor bleedings, an allergy to anesthesia. However, there is always a risk of damage to the internal organs during a laparoscopy operation (the time of laparoscope insertion). In addition, the risks increase if the patient suffers from diabetes, overweight, smokes or has heart disease.

It should be noted that blocking the fallopian tubes will not affect the ovulatory function and the menstrual cycle, that is, the egg will ripen monthly, and later, menstruation will occur. Regarding menopause, it will come in due time, as if you did not have surgery. In addition, it is important to know that this method of preventing the onset of an unplanned pregnancy can not protect you from diseases transmitted through sexual contact. Therefore, if you are not sure of a partner, then use additionally other contraceptives (condoms).

Before the operation, the expert thoroughly examines the woman, as well as carefully studying her family relationships, in particular for stability. This is due to the fact that often patients after a while are asked to return them the ability to conceive, that is, restore the function of the pipes. Basically, this happens against the background of a child's loss (death) or the creation of a new family.

Tying of pipes is legally required from the legal point of view. A woman signs a document where she officially agrees to an operation. Before signing, remember that according to statistics, the women who did this, later regretted it.

Nowadays, there is a huge variety of methods and means of contraception, each woman can choose for herself the most optimal option. Tubing or sterilization should be carried out only at absolute indications to it. The choice of the method of conducting the operation is chosen by the doctor taking into account the individual characteristics of the female body.