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Ovarian cyst: symptoms, causes, consequences
Ovarian cyst is a fairly common form in the ovaries, which is benign. This disease is most often affected by women of reproductive age. Less often this disease occurs in women over 50 years of age. How does this disease, what are its symptoms, causes and consequences?
Literally, from the Greek, the ovarian cyst sounds like a bubble. Indeed, outwardly it is very similar to it: a certain cavity filled with liquid contents of transparent color (serous ovarian cyst). Neoplasms can be formed as one - a cyst, and a few - an ovarian cyst. The cyst gradually increases in size. This disease can be both congenital and acquired character. But basically, most of its varieties arise during life. The contents of the cyst appear either when the excretory duct of the glands is clogged and secretion is accumulated, or when a fluid is produced by a cavity that did not exist before.
Ovarian cyst can be: cystic (serous, mucinous and dermoid), functional (follicular, luteal (yellow body)), para-orary, endometrioid.
The functional cyst is formed as a result of a violation of the correct functioning of the ovary. The cyst of the yellow body is a neoplasm, located only on one side. A sign of this type of ovarian cyst is the thickening of the walls, which contain a liquid that has a yellow tinge, sometimes with impurities of blood. This tumor arises from the fact that the follicle after ovulation begins to grow and is excessively filled with a yellow liquid, instead of filling the cells with a yellow body. This type of cyst, like the follicular cyst, which is formed due to uneventful ovulation and continued growth of the follicle, occurs directly in the ovary. Their walls are formed from the stretched shell of the yellow body or follicle. Most often these types of neoplasms increase in the direction of the abdominal cavity and have small dimensions.
The parovarial cyst is formed from the epididymis located above the ovary. Can have different sizes. This type of cyst consists of one chamber with a clear liquid and has a round and oval shape. The main sign of such a cyst is the thin and transparent walls with blood vessels. Typically, this type of neoplasm occurs in women between the ages of twenty to forty. As a rule, the ovary remains untouched.
Sign of endometrioid cyst of the ovaries (endometrioma) is the presence of endometriopodobnyh foci. It is the result of bleeding from the foci of endometriosis . As a result, cavities with blood develop in the ovaries.
Mucinous cyst in its cavity contains mucus. This type of cyst is large in size and has several chambers. It should be noted that the mucinous and endometrioid types can eventually degenerate into malignant tumors.
In the cavity of the dermoid cyst, there is a certain mass with elements of embryonic embryonic leaves, various specimens of connective tissue (fat, hair, teeth, skin, bones, etc.).
The ovarian cyst must necessarily be removed, as it can develop into a malignant tumor, grow to substantial dimensions, can cause infertility, and also often become infected.
Symptoms of an ovarian cyst.
The ovarian cyst is in constant development, so the symptoms are divided into primary and secondary. At the initial stage of its development, most benign neoplasms of the ovaries may not manifest themselves at all, the menstrual cycle remains normal (not violated). In this case, it is possible to detect this disease only with a planned gynecological examination. At this stage, the cyst is characterized by a small size, the accumulation of fluid in the cavity of which occurs very slowly. In this case, they can be temporary, that is, disappear with subsequent menstruation or within one to two months with the use of hormone therapy. The only clinical manifestation of the cyst at this stage is pain in the lower abdomen in the middle of the menstrual cycle or during menstruation. In rare cases, pain occurs in the groin or the front surface of the thigh.
The tumor can have a small leg, which has the ability to twist during strong physical exertion, which in turn, the occurrence of severe pain in a woman. In addition, the cyst leg can be twisted through the intestinal loop, thereby causing intestinal obstruction. This development of cysts is referred to as secondary symptoms. In this case, urgent surgical intervention is required. Hemorrhage cysts are also referred to as secondary symptoms. The emergence of acute pain can also contribute to cyst rupture, infection, bleeding. In some cases, women may experience pain in the lower abdomen due to compression of neighboring organs caused by large tumor size. In this case, there may be disorders of the gastrointestinal tract or urinary system, and if the tumor pressure falls on the vessels of the lower extremities, varicose veins may develop. In addition, the symptoms of cysts may be fever and vomiting.
Neoplasm of the ovaries leads to a violation of the menstrual cycle due to the production of female hormones, which results in irregular periods, become abundant or meager, and menstruation becomes painful . If the tumor produces male hormones, a woman may have a coarser voice, hair growth in a male type may increase, and the clitoris may increase.
When the tumor reaches a large size or excessive accumulation in the abdominal cavity of the fluid, the abdomen grows.
Ovarian cysts in neglected form can so increase in size, which will lead to disruption of the work of other vital organs. She can tear herself away and find herself in the abdominal cavity, which will entail such a serious complication as peritonitis. If you have the first signs or suspicions of an ovarian cyst, you need to undergo a checkup from your gynecologist who will prescribe the best treatment for you.
Causes of ovarian cysts.
Misalignment of the ovaries is one of the most common causes of ovarian cysts. In the process of ovulation, a graph bubble breaks and the egg and liquid in the abdominal cavity is released. If this bubble does not break, there is a stretching of its walls and accumulation of liquid in it, as a result of which a single cyst is formed. Multiple cysts are formed due to the launched inflammatory process. The cyst can have a diameter of 1.5-2 cm to 7 cm, but this is not the limit.
The modern style of clothing, which our youth loves, is not particularly suitable for the weather conditions of our country. Short skirts, jeans with a low waist, in general, light clothing on a cold, frosty day, combined with weakened immunity will quickly appear in the form of inflammation. For example, disrupting the work of the kidneys in combination with inflammation or without it leads to the appearance of stagnant phenomena in the small pelvis, resulting in the development of a cyst due to a violation of blood supply and nutrition of the genital area. In addition, the cyst can develop from the yellow body, from the tissue covering the ovary (epithelium).
Violation of the hormonal background also provokes the development of this disease. As a rule, such a cyst is treated with hormonal drugs, selected individually for each patient.
Violation of the functions of the endocrine system, menstruation at an early age, abortions, lack of hormones produced by the thyroid gland, inflammatory diseases and sexual infections - all this can also cause the development of the ovarian cyst.
The frequent cause of cysts is endometriosis, which consists in the growth of the endometrium beyond the uterus. With this diagnosis, treatment should be aimed at eliminating the source of the disease and the disease itself.
Complications of the ovarian cyst.
When diagnosing an ovarian cyst, a woman should undergo the necessary examination and treatment (with functional cysts), or remove it surgically. Ovarian cyst in the absence of adequate treatment can lead to a number of serious complications that require surgeon intervention. Among them, the danger is cancer, in particular, if the tumor is in the ovary. Therefore, when diagnosing an ovarian cyst, doctors should be extremely cautious and attentive. It should be noted that thanks to modern methods of transvaginal ultrasound and laparoscopy, this disease is detected even at early stages, which helps physicians to prevent negative consequences in time by prescribing optimal treatment.
Twisting the cyst leg is a dangerous complication of the ovarian cyst. In this case, the patient feels the symptoms of the so-called "acute abdomen". Violated the circulation of the cyst, develops its necrosis and inflammation of the peritoneum or peritonitis. This complication manifests itself in the form of acute pain in the lower abdomen, nausea, vomiting, a significant increase in body temperature. In this case, either removal of the entire ovary or in combination with the tubes is necessary.
Twisting the cyst leg through the intestinal loop can provoke an intestinal obstruction. Another complication of the cyst may be its suppuration, a rupture accompanied by bleeding. As a rule, endometriosis types of the ovarian cyst are broken. In all cases of complications, surgery is necessary.
Started cyst or polycystic can lead to infertility.
In time, an operation to remove the tumor does not severely damage the follicular apparatus of the ovary and does not entail consequences, as after an urgent intervention. Therefore, one should not believe doctors who say that small sized cysts can not be touched, but simply watch them. This can lead to sad consequences. Most women, fearing surgery, bring their condition to a critical level, when only the operation to remove the ovaries and some other organs of the sexual sphere of a woman can help.
Diagnosis of the ovarian cyst.
When diagnosing ovarian cysts, the following methods are used:
Literally, from the Greek, the ovarian cyst sounds like a bubble. Indeed, outwardly it is very similar to it: a certain cavity filled with liquid contents of transparent color (serous ovarian cyst). Neoplasms can be formed as one - a cyst, and a few - an ovarian cyst. The cyst gradually increases in size. This disease can be both congenital and acquired character. But basically, most of its varieties arise during life. The contents of the cyst appear either when the excretory duct of the glands is clogged and secretion is accumulated, or when a fluid is produced by a cavity that did not exist before.
Ovarian cyst can be: cystic (serous, mucinous and dermoid), functional (follicular, luteal (yellow body)), para-orary, endometrioid.
The functional cyst is formed as a result of a violation of the correct functioning of the ovary. The cyst of the yellow body is a neoplasm, located only on one side. A sign of this type of ovarian cyst is the thickening of the walls, which contain a liquid that has a yellow tinge, sometimes with impurities of blood. This tumor arises from the fact that the follicle after ovulation begins to grow and is excessively filled with a yellow liquid, instead of filling the cells with a yellow body. This type of cyst, like the follicular cyst, which is formed due to uneventful ovulation and continued growth of the follicle, occurs directly in the ovary. Their walls are formed from the stretched shell of the yellow body or follicle. Most often these types of neoplasms increase in the direction of the abdominal cavity and have small dimensions.
The parovarial cyst is formed from the epididymis located above the ovary. Can have different sizes. This type of cyst consists of one chamber with a clear liquid and has a round and oval shape. The main sign of such a cyst is the thin and transparent walls with blood vessels. Typically, this type of neoplasm occurs in women between the ages of twenty to forty. As a rule, the ovary remains untouched.
Sign of endometrioid cyst of the ovaries (endometrioma) is the presence of endometriopodobnyh foci. It is the result of bleeding from the foci of endometriosis . As a result, cavities with blood develop in the ovaries.
Mucinous cyst in its cavity contains mucus. This type of cyst is large in size and has several chambers. It should be noted that the mucinous and endometrioid types can eventually degenerate into malignant tumors.
In the cavity of the dermoid cyst, there is a certain mass with elements of embryonic embryonic leaves, various specimens of connective tissue (fat, hair, teeth, skin, bones, etc.).
The ovarian cyst must necessarily be removed, as it can develop into a malignant tumor, grow to substantial dimensions, can cause infertility, and also often become infected.
Symptoms of an ovarian cyst.
The ovarian cyst is in constant development, so the symptoms are divided into primary and secondary. At the initial stage of its development, most benign neoplasms of the ovaries may not manifest themselves at all, the menstrual cycle remains normal (not violated). In this case, it is possible to detect this disease only with a planned gynecological examination. At this stage, the cyst is characterized by a small size, the accumulation of fluid in the cavity of which occurs very slowly. In this case, they can be temporary, that is, disappear with subsequent menstruation or within one to two months with the use of hormone therapy. The only clinical manifestation of the cyst at this stage is pain in the lower abdomen in the middle of the menstrual cycle or during menstruation. In rare cases, pain occurs in the groin or the front surface of the thigh.
The tumor can have a small leg, which has the ability to twist during strong physical exertion, which in turn, the occurrence of severe pain in a woman. In addition, the cyst leg can be twisted through the intestinal loop, thereby causing intestinal obstruction. This development of cysts is referred to as secondary symptoms. In this case, urgent surgical intervention is required. Hemorrhage cysts are also referred to as secondary symptoms. The emergence of acute pain can also contribute to cyst rupture, infection, bleeding. In some cases, women may experience pain in the lower abdomen due to compression of neighboring organs caused by large tumor size. In this case, there may be disorders of the gastrointestinal tract or urinary system, and if the tumor pressure falls on the vessels of the lower extremities, varicose veins may develop. In addition, the symptoms of cysts may be fever and vomiting.
Neoplasm of the ovaries leads to a violation of the menstrual cycle due to the production of female hormones, which results in irregular periods, become abundant or meager, and menstruation becomes painful . If the tumor produces male hormones, a woman may have a coarser voice, hair growth in a male type may increase, and the clitoris may increase.
When the tumor reaches a large size or excessive accumulation in the abdominal cavity of the fluid, the abdomen grows.
Ovarian cysts in neglected form can so increase in size, which will lead to disruption of the work of other vital organs. She can tear herself away and find herself in the abdominal cavity, which will entail such a serious complication as peritonitis. If you have the first signs or suspicions of an ovarian cyst, you need to undergo a checkup from your gynecologist who will prescribe the best treatment for you.
Causes of ovarian cysts.
Misalignment of the ovaries is one of the most common causes of ovarian cysts. In the process of ovulation, a graph bubble breaks and the egg and liquid in the abdominal cavity is released. If this bubble does not break, there is a stretching of its walls and accumulation of liquid in it, as a result of which a single cyst is formed. Multiple cysts are formed due to the launched inflammatory process. The cyst can have a diameter of 1.5-2 cm to 7 cm, but this is not the limit.
The modern style of clothing, which our youth loves, is not particularly suitable for the weather conditions of our country. Short skirts, jeans with a low waist, in general, light clothing on a cold, frosty day, combined with weakened immunity will quickly appear in the form of inflammation. For example, disrupting the work of the kidneys in combination with inflammation or without it leads to the appearance of stagnant phenomena in the small pelvis, resulting in the development of a cyst due to a violation of blood supply and nutrition of the genital area. In addition, the cyst can develop from the yellow body, from the tissue covering the ovary (epithelium).
Violation of the hormonal background also provokes the development of this disease. As a rule, such a cyst is treated with hormonal drugs, selected individually for each patient.
Violation of the functions of the endocrine system, menstruation at an early age, abortions, lack of hormones produced by the thyroid gland, inflammatory diseases and sexual infections - all this can also cause the development of the ovarian cyst.
The frequent cause of cysts is endometriosis, which consists in the growth of the endometrium beyond the uterus. With this diagnosis, treatment should be aimed at eliminating the source of the disease and the disease itself.
Complications of the ovarian cyst.
When diagnosing an ovarian cyst, a woman should undergo the necessary examination and treatment (with functional cysts), or remove it surgically. Ovarian cyst in the absence of adequate treatment can lead to a number of serious complications that require surgeon intervention. Among them, the danger is cancer, in particular, if the tumor is in the ovary. Therefore, when diagnosing an ovarian cyst, doctors should be extremely cautious and attentive. It should be noted that thanks to modern methods of transvaginal ultrasound and laparoscopy, this disease is detected even at early stages, which helps physicians to prevent negative consequences in time by prescribing optimal treatment.
Twisting the cyst leg is a dangerous complication of the ovarian cyst. In this case, the patient feels the symptoms of the so-called "acute abdomen". Violated the circulation of the cyst, develops its necrosis and inflammation of the peritoneum or peritonitis. This complication manifests itself in the form of acute pain in the lower abdomen, nausea, vomiting, a significant increase in body temperature. In this case, either removal of the entire ovary or in combination with the tubes is necessary.
Twisting the cyst leg through the intestinal loop can provoke an intestinal obstruction. Another complication of the cyst may be its suppuration, a rupture accompanied by bleeding. As a rule, endometriosis types of the ovarian cyst are broken. In all cases of complications, surgery is necessary.
Started cyst or polycystic can lead to infertility.
In time, an operation to remove the tumor does not severely damage the follicular apparatus of the ovary and does not entail consequences, as after an urgent intervention. Therefore, one should not believe doctors who say that small sized cysts can not be touched, but simply watch them. This can lead to sad consequences. Most women, fearing surgery, bring their condition to a critical level, when only the operation to remove the ovaries and some other organs of the sexual sphere of a woman can help.
Diagnosis of the ovarian cyst.
When diagnosing ovarian cysts, the following methods are used:
- the definition of tumor markers-antigens (antigen-125);
- gynecological examination, in which the doctor can easily determine the enlarged appendages;
- Ultrasound;
- a general analysis of blood and urine to determine the presence of blood loss, inflammation;
- Computed tomography gives a clearer idea of the tumor;
- laparoscopy in addition to diagnosis makes it possible to carry out the operation, is used when suspicion of rupture of the cyst or torsion of the cyst legs;
- pregnancy test in order to exclude ectopic pregnancy ;
- puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix, due to which it is possible to detect the presence of blood or fluid in the abdominal cavity.
11 January 2012
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